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The olive tree is one of the main crops in holy land and the more than ten million trees planted in an area of ​​over 900 thousand acres constitute 50% of the cultivated area and occupies most of the mountainous areas are the tree most prevalent compared with fruit trees where other constitute an area of ​​more than 80% of the area of ​​fruit trees.

The olive tree is one of the seven kinds of fruit which was blessed this sacred country.

He says, "Stokes of the blessed olive tree neither East nor West" any No. 35 from Surat light.

The home of the olive tree
Differed botanists and agriculture around the original home of the olive tree, where some believe that the home of the olive tree is the countries of East Asia also famous by the Mediterranean countries and our country is one of those countries that have planted olive since time immemorial.

Also believed to be the home of Olive education is Palestine, known since ancient times and it spread to Egypt, Greece and Italy and from these countries to the rest of the Mediterranean. Jerusalem as a city was known as olive Mecca known in dates and Damascus fig City.

Olive cultivation arrived in Palestine to a climax in terms of development and methods that are used in horticulture where taller Rome and Greece and the countries of North Africa by following these methods.

The importance enjoyed by the olive tree does not come from a vacuum Fterkib and components of olive oil gave the great importance it contains fatty acids, unsaturated It is very necessary where she works these acids to reduce high cholesterol in the blood as it contains vitamins especially known antioxidants, as well as Some vehicles such as urinary phenol all these vehicles and with a high percentage of olive oil in a challenge of developing high cholesterol in other words, reduce hardening of the arteries and thus reduce heart disease.

The lab tests proved that the percentage of Palestinian olive oil containment on Alphenullac most in the world, and this has been demonstrated in laboratory experiments.

Spreads in the Palestinian territories, a large number of olive varieties, that have been Astafaaha and improved over thousands of years, to accommodate each class the purpose of cultivation; Some implants in order to extract oil; while other types are grown for pickling industry and numerous varieties of table olives. There are dual-purpose varieties; can get such a high percentage of oil, in addition to its size and flavor that fits the table olive industry.

It is a earthquakes affect the Earth's crust and spread in the form of waves through the vast expanses of it. And experiencing the earth's crust is always of seismic movements due to the instability of its interior, but these jerks sustainable usually so weak that we do not feel it, and Thsha only monitoring devices (Asmujrav).

The study earthquakes undoubtedly important for geographical because it directly related to human life and activity on earth has registered a lot of devastating earthquakes during the era of the historical and mentioned that thousands also demonstrated geological studies that the earth's crust was suffering always during the long life of the seismic, and studies indicate continued occur in the future.

Causes of the earthquake: earthquakes arise due to two reasons:

1 - a cracked and broken in the Earth's crust because of a balance disorder. And upset the balance of the earth's crust as a result of the sweep enormous amounts of material by erosion village borne and deposition in the seas and oceans.
2 - molten rock material moves through the earth's crust or below.

Types of earthquakes

Earthquakes can be divided into types according to the forces caused by:

1 - volcanic earthquakes:

And associated occurrence volcanic activity, and the rush of rock material molten from underground to the surface, for example, accompanies eruption volcanoes of the Hawaiian islands of earthquakes very violence and force, and when volcano erupted Krakata In (Indonesia) Last lot of destruction and sabotage, has led outburst to make orgasms sparked violent sea water in the form of huge tidal waves struck on the plains in the nearby islands Vogrguetha, and destroyed homes and left many residents homeless, and caused heavy losses to the population of the population of Sumatra and Java and other islands nearby.

However, the most seismic tremors that occur because of volcanic activity are in fact did not raise domestic shocks in large areas, and many of the volcanic eruptions are accompanied by weak shocks.

2 - earthquakes Tknonah:

He spoke in the areas hit by fractures and are subject to cracking, and this type is common frequent. It is particularly concentrated in the surface crust at depths of up to 70 km.

3 - earthquakes Blutunah (relative to Pluto, the god of the earth when the Greeks)

And having its immemorial depth of the earth. Recorded earthquakes at a depth of 800 km in East Asia.

This occurs latter two types - tectonic and Alblutuna - in particular as a result of movements in the earth's crust and below. There is a lot of evidence and convincing evidence suggests that most major earthquakes occur due to sudden violent pressure in the Earth's crust, resulting in cracks and layers along the transmission lines depressions were already old.

In California there is scope refractive stretches nearly a thousand kilometers has occurred in their respective fields movement sudden in 1906 caused cataclysmic latest losses Vedjh, and movement was horizontal did not show them the appearance edges refractive but caused Budge roads and fences farms and gardens from their original positions to other sites along the fracture line, and the amount of horizontal budge about six meters.

The epicenter of the internal status of the earthquake:

Not be strong quake and one on the earth's surface, which peaked at a point on the earth's surface is called the center surface and the bottom in the vertical direction lies another point is the point of generating and called the center interior of the earthquake, and it arises vibrations ripple up in a vertical orientation to the epicenter, also spread other in different directions to all parts of the body of the Earth.

The effects of earthquakes:

Seismic vary in the degree of strength, the mismatch that occurs weak and hardly felt by a violent and destructive that causes big losses in built-up areas. The effects can be summarized in the following points:

1 - may cause moved out and moving on to parts of the earth's crust in the horizontal and vertical directions.
2 - can raise or lower parts of the sea floor, as happened in Bay Sajami Japan in 1923 rose Odzle him (about 250 m) and decreased other parts (about 400 m).
3 - You can increase or decrease the coastal areas, as happened in Alaska (1899).
4 - may cause landslides also occurred in northern China in the years 1920 and 1927.
5 - arise earthquakes that occur in the bottom of the oceans waves winds occur destruction in coastal exposed.
6 - destroy earthquakes that occur in densely populated areas a lot of installations and have caused heavy loss of life.


Examples of devastating earthquakes:
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In Portugal in 1755 : down the bottom of the sea near Lisbon. Originated waves destroyed coastal installations:
In Peru in 1968 : killed 30,000 people in 1970: killed 35,000 people.
In Alaska in 1899: a rose incision by 12 m .
In Japan in 1960: high and low occurred in Bay Sajami. Killed 200,000 people .
In Turkey in 1970: 50,000 people killed, and the recent earthquake in 1999, killing about 40,000 people.

Geographical distribution of earthquakes:

Although the seismic common phenomenon all over the earth, but what happens to everybody is concentrated in certain areas, most of which are located within the three great bands are:

1 - Scope extends over the highlands chains that surround the coasts of the Pacific Ocean in South America, North America and Asia, and includes the islands and peninsulas surrounding those coasts.
2 - Scope extends over the coast of the Mediterranean Sea and includes the Alps and the Caucasus.
3 - Scope of includes grooves eastern area of ​​Africa and southwest Asia, is associated with the earthquake in this range the existence of great African refraction.



Earth's response to seismic waves:

When emitted internal shocks from the center of the earthquake from which energy lead to the formation of strong vibrations in the rock which apply to a violent form of waves at the epicenter of the earthquake and weaken the greater him. The special registration of such devices waves of different strengths and unique.

There are three types of these waves:

1 - initial waves:
It is the first up of waves to monitoring devices because it is fast it penetrates the ground in all directions.
2 - secondary waves:
It is the second up from the waves to the monitoring devices because slower than the initial waves.
3 - long waves:
The course is limited to the upper portions of the earth's crust.